龍門(mén)加工中心綜合誤差建模與實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償
廖嘉琦1，倪俊芳1，宋世通2
(1 蘇州大學(xué) 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院，江蘇 蘇州 215137；
2 紐威數(shù)控裝備(蘇州)有限公司，江蘇 蘇州 215004)
摘 要：加工中心的熱變形誤差是衡量其加工精度的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)之一。為有效降低熱變形對(duì)機(jī)床加工精度的影響，基于熱誤差敏感度理論，優(yōu)化了誤差采樣的溫度測(cè)點(diǎn)布置，并結(jié)合綜合誤差建模理論，利用 MATLAB 軟件構(gòu)建了加工中心的綜合誤差模型。通過(guò)機(jī)床外部 I/O 面板、傳感器和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，搭建了誤差實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)，并對(duì)龍門(mén)加工中心進(jìn)行了實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在常溫條件下，最大定位誤差從 162.6μm 降至 46.3μm，降幅達(dá) 72% ；在熱平衡狀態(tài)下，最大定位誤差從 71.7μm 降至 23.6μm，降幅達(dá) 67%。該方法通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償機(jī)床誤差，顯著提升了加工精度。
關(guān)鍵詞： 綜合誤差建模；誤差實(shí)時(shí)補(bǔ)償；數(shù)控系統(tǒng)；龍門(mén)加工中心
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：TG659 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1007-3175(2025)03-0060-04
Comprehensive Error Modeling and Real-Time Compensation of
Gantry Machining Centers
LIAO Jia-qi1, NI Jun-fang1, SONG Shi-tong2
（1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, China;
2 Neway CNC Equipment (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215004, China）
Abstract: The thermal deformation error of machining centers is one of the key indicators for measuring its machining accuracy. In order to effectively reduce the impact of thermal deformation on the precision of machine tools, based on thermal error sensitivity theor, this study optimizes the temperature measurement point layout for error sampling, combines a comprehensive error model, and uses MATLAB software to construct the synthetic error model of machining center. Through the external I/O panel, sensor and CNC system, a real-time error compensation system is established and the real-time compensation analysis of gantry machining center is carried out. Experimental results show that under normal temperature conditions, the maximum positioning error is reduced from 162.6 μm to 46.3 μm, a reduction of 72%;under thermal equilibrium conditions, the maximum positioning error is reduced from 71.7 μm to 23.6 μm, a reduction of 67%. This method significantly improves machining accuracy by real-time compensation of machine tool errors.
Key words: comprehensive error modeling; real-time error compensation; CNC system; gantry machining center
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